PUBERTY

Ashish meena
Karaganda medical university, karaganda, kazakhstan
Abstract: 

Introduction:-Puberty is a natural process that marks the transition from childhood to adolescence. During this time, the body undergoes several changes that prepare it for reproductive maturity. Puberty usually begins between the ages of 8 and 13 years for girls and 9 and 14 years for boys.
The onset of puberty is triggered by hormones released by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads. These hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulate the growth and development of the reproductive organs, as well as the secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development, voice changes, and body hair growth.
Material used:-Google scholar , Wikipedia, you tube ,WHO puberty guidelines. 
Key words:-Adolescence,Hormones,Menarche,Pubic hair,Breast development,Acne,Growth spurt,Body odor,growth,testosterone , estrogen.
Article:-Puberty is a stage of human development when a child's body undergoes a series of physical and psychological changes to prepare for adulthood. It is a natural and gradual process that usually begins between the ages of 8 and 13 for girls, and between the ages of 9 and 14 for boys. However, the age of onset can vary widely and can be influenced by genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors.The physical changes of puberty are largely controlled by hormones, which are chemicals produced by various glands in the body. In girls, the first signs of puberty are usually breast development, followed by the growth of pubic hair and the onset of menstruation. In boys, the first signs of puberty are usually the enlargement of the testicles and the penis, followed by the growth of pubic hair and the deepening of the voice. As puberty progresses, girls and boys experience a range of physical changes. For girls, these include the growth of pubic and underarm hair, the widening of the hips, the development of a more defined waistline, and an increase in body fat. For boys, these changes include the growth of facial and body hair, the broadening of the shoulders, the development of a deeper voice, and an increase in muscle mass.
In addition to physical changes, puberty also brings about psychological changes. Adolescents often experience a range of emotions, including mood swings, irritability, and increased sensitivity to criticism. They may also experience a heightened sense of self-awareness and may become more concerned with their appearance and social status. One of the most important aspects of puberty is the development of sexual maturity. During this time, adolescents become more interested in sexual activity and may start to explore their own sexuality. It is important for parents and caregivers to provide accurate information about sexual health and to encourage open communication about sex and relationships.
While puberty is a normal and natural part of growing up, it can also be a challenging time for adolescents. They may feel self-conscious about their changing bodies or struggle to cope with the emotional ups and downs of adolescence. Parents, caregivers, and other adults can play an important role in supporting adolescents during this time by providing guidance, understanding, and a safe and supportive environment.
Factors Influencing Puberty:- The onset and progression of puberty are influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, nutrition, and environmental factors. Research suggests that the onset of puberty is occurring at earlier ages than in previous generations, which has been linked to changes in diet and lifestyle.
Conclusion:-Puberty is a complex and important process that impacts the physical, cognitive, and emotional development of adolescents. While it is a natural part of growing up, it can also be a challenging time for young people. By understanding the changes that occur during puberty and the factors that influence it, parents, educators, and healthcare professionals can better support adolescents during this critical stage of development.

Reference:-
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